Turbochargers And Superchargers: Advantages And Disadvantages

1、 Analysis of Core Working Principles

The turbocharger relies on the kinetic energy of the engine exhaust to drive the turbine, which in turn drives a coaxial compressor to compress the intake air and increase the oxygen concentration in the cylinder. Its core is' exhaust gas reuse ', which does not directly consume engine power. The mechanical supercharger is directly connected to the engine crankshaft through a belt, and the crankshaft rotates to drive the internal rotor of the supercharger to compress the intake air, with a direct and immediate power source.

2、 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of core dimensions

In terms of power output, there is a "turbo lag" in the turbocharger, where the exhaust energy is insufficient at low speeds and the power response lags behind; At high speeds, the power bursts out strongly. The mechanical supercharger has no hysteresis and has linear power output from the start, but at high speeds, the power amplification is limited due to the consumption of crankshaft power.

In terms of fuel economy, turbochargers have lower fuel consumption during high-speed cruising due to their high exhaust gas utilization efficiency; The mechanical supercharger consumes engine power throughout the entire process, and the fuel consumption is relatively high in low-speed scenarios such as urban congestion. In terms of reliability, the working temperature of the turbocharger can reach up to thousands of degrees, requiring an additional cooling system, which is prone to long-term high temperature wear and tear; The mechanical supercharger has a simple structure, no high temperature problems, and a lower failure rate.

3、 Suggestions for adapting to driving scenarios

For users who pursue high-speed explosive power, frequently drive on highways, or are sensitive to fuel consumption, such as long-distance self driving enthusiasts, suitable for turbocharged models; For users who focus on starting response, frequent urban commuting, or prefer linear driving experience, mechanical superchargers are more suitable. In off-road scenarios, the instant power of a turbocharger can enhance its ability to escape from difficulties, while a turbocharger needs to control its speed to avoid lag during low-speed escape.

There is no absolute superiority or inferiority between the two types of turbochargers, the key is to match the needs of the vehicle. Do you prioritize starting power or high-speed performance when choosing a car? Or do you have further questions about the maintenance of a certain type of turbocharger?